To paraphrase the very model of the modern Dr. Strangelove, Donald Rumsfeld, "Would the world come to an end if we stopped using the term, 'illegal immigrant?' Answer: No." Neither would the world end if the news media kept right on using it forever, as
the Associated Press prefers. It may not be all that important, in the scheme of things, but words do matter, and people do take sides on this issue, so here's my take.
The adjective 'illegal' generates pejorative, negative reactions in the listener or reader. As
Keith Cunningham-Parmeter explains, "
human beings view the world in metaphoric terms...through metaphor, the immigrant becomes the
alien, the
alien becomes the
illegal, and the
illegal becomes the
Mexican. ...[R]eferring to ... people as "illegal aliens" is equivalent to referring to defendants awaiting trial as 'convicted criminals.'"
To the question, "What part of 'illegal' don't you understand?" I answer, "Every bit of it, including the distinction between jaywalking and murder, between littering and grand theft; in short, between
malum prohibitum and
malum in se, that is, the things we've decided to regulate vs. the things we all agree are evil." Let's apply a little nuance and ask ourselves: Is the frail asylum-seeker fleeing political oppression in her home country just as much an 'illegal alien' as the tough guy who has been deported three times for violent criminal convictions? How about the Japanese business executive who overstays his visitor's visa by one day? By a week? By a year? "[N]early half of all people described as 'illegal aliens' obtained their 'illegal' status by overstaying valid visas--a civil immigration violation that involves
no criminal conduct whatsoever." Or how about the
green card holder who has lived the life of the model immigrant for twenty or thirty years, only to pick up a single speeding ticket? Does the speeding ticket instantly and magically transform her into an evil 'illegal alien?' The state of Alabama has just enacted the toughest local immigration law on the books, and following its provisions some utility companies have
begun to deny water and electric service to unauthorized immigrants. But why stop there? Why not enact a law to deny service to every adult in Alabama ever convicted of domestic violence? After all, "What part of 'illegal' don't you understand?" Wouldn't driving the wife beaters from Alabama do more good than banishing its tomato pickers?
You'll notice I used the term 'unauthorized.' I prefer that to 'undocumented' because, to be honest, many unauthorized aliens do indeed have documents...fake ones. Plus, 'unauthorized' sends a clear message that something is wrong, without diving into the lake of punitive, pejorative metaphors. "[M]etaphors that attempt to capture the essence of immigrants will inevitably
miss the mark and therefore distort." And, perhaps most importantly, 'unauthorized' suggests the possibility of change, the ability of an 'authority' (Congress) to change the legal status of the migrant. Even under today's statute, an unauthorized migrant may, through court order or agency decision, be granted relief from deportation through such means as asylum, cancellation of removal, and T and U visa statuses. From 'illegal' to legal by the stroke of a pen.
Interestingly, in a break with some of my liberal kin, I don't mind the use of the word 'alien,' for two reasons: it's
part of the statute (a 'term of art,' as we lawyers say) and I'm old enough (57) to remember a time before space travel, when alien simply meant foreigner, rather than a dangerous green being from another galaxy. Also, I had the good fortune to learn a second language (Spanish) at a very early age, and my family traveled often to Mexico; 'foreign' was not 'alien' to me. Travel abroad and second language learning are excellent ways of
defusing the 'otherness' bug.
In the end, whether we use the word 'illegal' or 'unauthorized,' 'alien' or 'migrant,' or whether we "
call it a banana," the only thing that matters is whether, and when, we enact meaningful, and
comprehensive, immigration reform. Toward that end, let's use language that's helpful rather than harmful.
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Daniel M. Kowalski has been practicing immigration law since 1985. He edits
Bender's Immigration Bulletin and curates the LexisNexis
Immigration Law Community, a free daily blog.
